perturbation

A state of anxiety or unease; a disturbance in a system or process.

• perturb/pəˈtɜːb/(v)使不安
• perturbed/pəˈtɜːbd/(adj)不安的
• perturbing/pəˈtɜːbɪŋ/(adj)令人不安的

• cause perturbation
• slight perturbation
• perturbed by
• gravitational perturbation

1. 1.The sudden policy change caused considerable perturbation among staff. (anxiety)
2. 2.Scientists measured the gravitational perturbations caused by the nearby planet. (disturbance)
3. 3.She seemed visibly perturbed by the news. (adj: upset, worried)

• anxiety/æŋˈzaɪəti/— worry, general
• disturbance/dɪˈstɜːbəns/— disruption
• agitation/ˌædʒɪˈteɪʃən/— nervous excitement

from Latin "perturbare" = to throw into confusion — per- (thoroughly) + turbare (to disturb)